Current Issue - July 2020, Volume 14, Issue No. 2

1. Kulkarni GS, Limaye R, Kulkarni M, Kulkarni S. Intertrochanteric fractures. Indian J Orthop. 2006; 40: 6-23.
2. Falch JA, Liebekk A, Slungaard U. Epidemiology of hip fractures in Norway. Acta Orthop Scand. 1985; 56(1): 12-16. doi: 10.3109/17453678508992970
3. Russel TA. Intertrochanteric fractures of the hip. In: Court-Brown CM, Heckman JD, McQueen MM, Ricci WM, Tornetta III Paul, McKee MD, editors. Rockwood and Green’s fractures in adults. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2015. p 2075-129.
4. Gundle R, Gargan MF, Simpson AH. How to minimize failure of fixation of unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Injury. 1995; 26(9): 611-4. doi: 10.1016/0020-1383(95)00125-s.
5. Simpson AH, Varty K, Dodd CA. Sliding hip screws: modes of failure. Injury. 1989; 20(4): 227-31. doi: 10.1016/0020-1383(89)90120-4
6. Su XY, Zhao JX, Zhao Z, Zhang LC, Li C, Li JT, et al. Three-dimensional analysis of the characteristics of the femoral canal isthmus: an anatomical study. Biomed Res Int. 2015; 2015. doi: 10.1155/2015/459612
7. Siwach R. Anthropometric study of proximal femur geometry and its clinical application. Ann Natl Acad Med Sci (India). 2018;54(4): 203-15
8. Leung KS, Chen CM, So WS, Sato K, Lai CH, Machaisavariya B, Suntharalingam S. Multicenter trial of modified Gamma nail in East Asia. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996; 323: 146-54. doi: 10.1097/00003086-199602000-00020
9. Sengodan VC, Sinmayanantham E, Kumar JS. Anthropometric analysis of the hip joint in south Indian population using computed tomography. Indian J Orthop. 2017; 51(2): 155-61. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.201709
10. Pathrot D, Haq RU, Aggarwal AN, Nagar M, Bhatt S. Assessment of the geometry of proximal femur for short cephalomedullary nail placement: An observational study in dry femora and living subjects. Indian J Orthop. 2016; 50(3): 269-76. doi: 10.4103/0019-5413.181785
11. Gadegone WM, Salphale YS. Short Proximal Femoral Nail Fixation for Trochanteric Fractures. J Orthop Surg(Hong Kong). 2010; 18(1): 39-44. doi: 10.1177/230949901001800109
12. Sowlee AA, Neelkrishnan R, Barathiselvan V, Raja ATS, Kumar VM. Comparison between functional outcome of intertrochanteric fractures treated with trochanteric fixation nail versus short proximal femoral nail. J of Med Science and clinical Research. 2016; 4(11): 13652-8. doi: 10.18535/jmscr/v4i11.22
13. Baumgaertner MR, Curtin SL, Lindskog DM, Keggi JM. The Value of the Tip-Apex Distance in Predicting Failure of Fixation of Peritrochanteric Fractures of the Hip. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995; 77(7): 1058-64. doi: 10.2106/00004623-199507000-00012
14. Herman A, Landau Y, Gutman G, Ougortsin V, Chechick A, Shazar N. Radiological evaluation of intertrochanteric fracture fixation by the proximal femoral nail. Injury. 2012; 43(6): 856-63. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.10.030.
15. Puthezhath K, Jayaprakash C. Is calcar referenced tip-apex distance a better predicting factor for cutting out in biaxial cephalomedullary nails than tip-apex distance?. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2017; 25(3): 2309499017727920. doi: 10.1177/2309499017727920
16. John B, Sharma A, Mahajan A, Pandey R. Tip-apex distance and other predictors of outcome in cephalomedullary nailing of unstable trochanteric fractures. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2019; 10: S88-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jcot.2019.04.018
17. Baumgaertner MR, Curtin SL, Lindskog DM. Intramedullary versus extra medullary fixation for the treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998; (348): 87-94.
18. Cleveland M, Bosworth DM, Thompson FR, Wilson HJJr, Ishizuka T. A ten-year analysis of intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1959;41-A:1399-408
19. Morihara T, Arai Y, Tokugawa S, Fujita S, Chatani K, Kubo T. Proximal femoral nail for treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2007; 15(3): 273-7. doi: 10.1177/230949900701500305
20. Kyle RF, Gustilo RB, Premer RF. Analysis of six hundred and twenty two intertrochanteric hip fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979; 61(2): 216-21.
21. Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: The Barthel Index. A simple index of independence useful in scoring improvement in the rehabilitation of the chronically ill. Md State Med J. 1965; 14: 61-5.
22. Hsieh YW, Wang CH, Wu SC, Chen PC, Sheu CF, Hsieh CL. Establishing the minimal clinically important difference of the Barthel Index in stroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2007; 21(3): 233-8. doi: 10.1177/1545968306294729
23. Fogagnolo F, Kfuri M, Paccola CA. Intramedullary fixation of Pertrochanteric Hip Fractures with the Short AO-ASIF Proximal Femoral Nail. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2004; 124(1): 31-7. doi: 10.1007/s00402-003-0586-9
24. Tyllianakis M, Panagopoulos A, Papadopoulos A, Papasimos S, Mousafiris K. Treatment of Extracapsular Hip Fractures with the Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN): Long Term Results in 45 Patients. Acta Orthop Belg. 2004; 70(5): 444-54
25. Schipper IB, Marti RK, van der Werken C. Unstable Trochanteric Femoral Fractures: Extramedullary or Intramedullary Fixation. Review of Literature. Injury. 2004; 35(2): 142-51. doi: 10.1016/s0020-1383(03)00287-0
26. Domingo LJ, Cecilia D, Herrera A, Resines C. Trochanteric fractures treated with a proximal femoral nail. Int Orthop. 2001; 25(5): 298-301. doi: 10.1007/s002640100275
27. Yaozeng X, Dechun G, Huilin Y, Guangming Z, Xianbin W. Comparative Study of Trochanteric Fracture Treated with the Proximal Femoral Nail Anti-Rotation and the Third Generation of Gamma Nail. Injury. 2010; 41(12): 1234-8. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2010.03.005
28. Banan H, Al-Sabti A, Jimulia T, Hart AJ. The Treatment Of Unstable, Extracapsular Hip Fractures with the AO/ASIF Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN) - our First 60 Cases. Injury. 2002; 33(5): 401-5. doi: 10.1016/s0020-1383(02)00054-2
29. Simmermacher RK, Bosch AM, van der Werken C. The AO/ASIF- Proximal Femoral Nail: A New Device for the Treatment of Unstable Proximal Femoral Fractures. Injury. 1999; 30(5): 327-32. doi: 10.1016/s0020-1383(99)00091-1
30. Al-yassari G, Langstaff RJ, Jones JWM, Al-Lami M. The AO/ASIF proximal femoral nail (PFN) for the treatment of unstable trochanteric femoral fracture. Injury. 2002; 33(5); 395-9. doi: 10.1016/s0020-1383(02)00008-6
31. Boldin C, Seibert FJ, Fankhauser F, Peicha G, Grechenig W, Szyszkowitz R. Proximal Femoral Nail (PFN) - - a Minimal Invasive Treatment of Unstable Proximal Femoral Fracture: A Prospective Study of 55 Patients with a Follow-Up of 15 Months. Acta Orthop Scand. 2003; 74(1): 53-8. doi: 10.1080/00016470310013662
32. Lobo-Escolar A, Joven E, Iglesias D, Herrera A. Predictive factors for cutting-out in femoral intramedullary nailing. Injury. 2010; 41(12): 1312-6. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2010.08.009
33. Kashigar A, Vincent A, Gunton MJ, Backstein D, Safir O, Kuzyk PRT. Predictors of Failure for Cephalomedullary Nailing of Proximal Femoral Fractures. Bone Joint J. 2014; 96(8): 1029-34. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.96B8.33644
34. Uzun M, Erturer E, Ozturk I, Akman S, Seckin F, Ozcelik IB. Long-term radiographic complications following treatment of unstable intertrochanteric femoral fractures with the proximal femoral nail and effects on functional results. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2009; 43(6): 457-63. doi: 10.3944/AOTT.2009.457
35. Rubio-Avila J, Madden K, Simunovic N, Bhandari M. Tip to apex distance in femoral intertrochanteric fractures: a systematic review. J Orthop Sci. 2013; 18(4): 592-8. doi: 10.1007/s00776-013-0402-5
36. Andruszkow H, Frink M, Frömke C, Matityahu A, Zeckey C, Mommsen P, et al. Tip Apex Distance, Hip Screw Placement, and Neck Shaft Angle as Potential Risk Factors for Cut-Out Failure of Hip Screws After Surgical Treatment of Intertrochanteric Fractures. Int Orthop. 2012; 36(11): 2347-54. doi: 10.1007/s00264-012-1636-0
37. Geller JA, Saifi C, Morrison TA, Macaulay W. Tip-apex Distance of Intramedullary Devices as a Predictor of Cut-Out Failure in The Treatment of Peritrochanteric Elderly Hip Fractures. Int Orthop. 2010; 34(5): 719-22. doi: 10.1007/s00264-009-0837-7
38. Kuzyk PR, Zdero R, Shah S, Olsen M, Waddell JP, Schemitsch EH. Femoral Head Lag Screw Position for Cephalomedullary Nails: A Biomechanical Analysis. J Orthop Trauma. 2012; 26(7): 414-21. doi: 10.1097/BOT.0b013e318229acca
39. Zirngibl B, Biber R, Bail HJ. How to Prevent Cut-Out and Cut-Through in Biaxial Proximal Femoral Nails: Is There Anything Beyond Lag Screw Positioning and Tip-Apex Distance. Int Ortho. 2013; 37(7): 1363-8. doi: 10.1007/s00264-013-1898-1
40. Helwig P, Faust G, Hindenlang U, Hirschmüller A, Konstantinidis L, Bahrs C, et al. Finite Element Analysis of Four Different Implants Inserted in Different Positions to Stabilize an Idealized Trochanteric Femoral Fracture. Injury. 2009; 40(3): 288-95. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2008.08.016
41. Huang X, Leung F, Xiang Z, Tan PY, Yang J, Wei DQ, Yu X. Proximal Femoral Nail Versus Dynamic Hip Screw Fixation for Trochanteric Fractures: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013; 2013: 805805. doi: 10.1155/2013/805805
42. Pan XH, Xiao DM, Lin BW, Huang G. Dynamic hip screws (DHS) and proximal femoral nails (PFN) in treatment of intertrochanteric fractures of femur in elderly patients. CJOT. 2004; 6(7): 785-9.
43. Pajarinen J, Lindahl J, Michelsson O, Savolainen V, Hirvensalo E. Pertrochanteric femoral fractures treated with a dynamic hip screw or a proximal femoral nail: a randomised study comparing post-operative rehabilitation. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005; 87(1): 76-81.
44. Pavelka T, Houcek P, Linhart M, Matejka J. Osteosynthesis of hip and femoral shaft fractures using the PFN-long. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2007; 74(2): 91-8.

Abstract   |   Reference