Current Issue - July 2024, Volume 18, Issue No. 2

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4. Schmidt VE, Somerset JH, Porter RE. Mechanical properties of orthopedic plaster bandages. J Biomech. 1973; 6(2): 173-85. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(73)90086-9
5. Gluck MJ, Beck CM, Sochol KM, London DA, Hausman MR. Comparative strength of elbow splint designs: a new splint design as a stronger alternative to posterior splints. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2019; 28(4): e125-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jse.2018.10.015
6. Vieira GC, Barbosa RI, Marcolino AM, Shimano AC, Elui VM, Fonseca MC. Influence of the number of layers of paris bandage plasters on the mechanical properties speciments used on orthopedic splints. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2011; 15(5): 380-5. doi: 10.1590/s1413-35552011005000018
7. Thapanakulsak D. Effects of Various Modified Heel Slab Techniques on the Strength of Short Leg Posteri. Vajira Med J. 2011; 55(1): 57-66.
8. Thompson SF, McBride C, Conant SH, Moore MC, Lewis TR. Effect of Side Struts on the Strength of Long Arm Plaster Splints: A Biomechanical Study. J Pediatr Orthop. 2020; 40(2): e122-6. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000001397
9. Wilairatana V, Pirot C, Limpaphayom N. Effects of Cemented Hip Stem Pre-heating on Stem Push-out Strength. Orthop Surg. 2015; 7(3): 261-5. doi: 10.1111/os.12194
10. Iesaka K, Jaffe WL, Kummer FJ. Effects of preheating of hip prostheses on the stem-cement interface. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003; 85(3): 421-7. doi: 10.2106/00004623-200303000-00003
11. Bishop NE, Ferguson S, Tepic S. Porosity reduction in bone cement at the cement-stem interface. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1996; 78(3): 349-56.
12. Hoey D, Taylor D. Quantitative analysis of the effect of porosity on the fatigue strength of bone cement. Acta Biomater. 2009; 5(2): 719-26. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.08.024
13. Boyd AS, Benjamin HJ, Asplund C. Principles of casting and splinting. Am Fam Physician. 2009; 79(1): 16-22.
14. DeMaio M, McHale K, Lenhart M, Garland J, McIlvaine C, Rhode M. Plaster: our orthopaedic heritage: AAOS exhibit selection. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012; 94(20): e152. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.L.00183
15. Halanski M, Nemeth BA, Noonan KJ. Cast and splint immobilization, remodeling, and special issues of Children's fractures. Rockwood and Wilkins' Fractures in Children: Eighth Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health Adis (ESP), 2014.
16. Rafferty JP. Why Does Water Freeze from the Top Down?. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/story/why-does-water-freeze-from-the-top-down (accessed on 30 January 2024)
17. Conroy SM, Ward D, Fraser J. Laboratory investigation into optimal temperature for plaster of Paris application. Emerg Med Australas. 2007; 19: 320-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2007.00964.x
18. Lavalette R, Pope MH, Dickstein H. Setting temperatures of plaster casts. The influence of technical variables. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982; 64(6): 907-11.
19. Helmenstine A. What Is Room Temperature? Science Notes and Projects. 2020. Updated on 19 January 2023. https://sciencenotes.org/what-is-room-temperature/ (accessed on 30 January 2024)
20. Lee CM, Jin SP, Doh EJ, Lee DH, Chung JH. Regional Variation of Human Skin Surface Temperature. Ann Dermatol. 2019; 31(3): 349-52. doi: 10.5021/ad.2019.31.3.349
21. Szostakowski B, Smitham P, Khan WS. Plaster of Paris-Short History of Casting and Injured Limb Immobilzation. Open Orthop J. 2017; 11: 291-6. doi: 10.2174/1874325001711010291
22. Tensile Testing An Introduction. Instron. https://www.instron.com/en/resources/test-types/tensile-test (accessed on 30 January 2024)
23. Maganaris CN. Force-length characteristics of the in vivo human gastrocnemius muscle. Clin Anat. 2003; 16(3): 215-23. doi: 10.1002/ca.10064
24. Kishibuchi K, Kouzaki M. Medial gastrocnemius is a key muscle for involuntary alternate muscle activity of plantar flexor synergists. Neurosci Lett. 2013; 550: 145-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.052

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